Military disaster, the loss of his grandsons and a troubled economy clouded his last years. His nephew Marcellus and his beloved grandsons Gaius and Lucius pre-deceased him, so he reluctantly made Tiberius his heir. Augustus Caesar Julius Caesar Hadrian Marcus Aurelius Augustus Caesar, also known as Gaius Octavius, was the first Roman emperor, and ruled the Roman Empire. But Drusus died in the process and in 9 AD the annihilation of three Roman legions in Germany (out of 28 overall), in the Varian disaster, led to the abandonment of Germany east of the Rhine.Īugustus was determined to be succeeded by someone of his own blood, but he had no sons, only a daughter, Julia, the child of his first wife. Between 16 BC and 6 AD the frontier was advanced from the Rhine to the Elbe in Germany, and up to the Danube along its entire length. What month is named after the Roman Emperor Julius Caesar Augustus Wiki User. During his rule, he enacted several reforms. His stepsons Tiberius and Drusus undertook the task (Augustus had married their mother Livia in 38 BC). Upon his return, Caesar made himself dictator and absolute ruler of Rome and its territories.
Augustus also ensured that his image was promoted throughout his empire by means of statues and coins.Ībroad, he created a standing army for the first time, and embarked upon a vigorous campaign of expansion designed to make Rome safe from the 'barbarians' beyond the frontiers, and to secure the Augustan peace.
Rome was transformed with impressive new buildings and Augustus was a patron to Virgil, Horace and Propertius, the leading poets of the day. Nevertheless, he retained ultimate control of all aspects of the Roman state, with the army under his direct command.Īt home, he embarked on a large programme of reconstruction and social reform. Caesar’s triumph in a civil war in the 40s bc made him the absolute ruler of Rome, but political jealousies among his opponents motivated them to assassinate him. His powers were hidden behind constitutional forms, and he took the name Augustus meaning 'lofty' or 'serene'. Gaius Julius Caesar, one of the most influential political and military leaders in history, helped establish the vast empire ruled by Rome. Instead of following Caesar's example and making himself dictator, Octavian in 27 BC founded the principate, a system of monarchy headed by an emperor holding power for life. He fought to avenge Caesar and in 31 BC defeated Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium. In 43 BC his great-uncle, Julius Caesar, was assassinated and in his will, Octavius, known as Octavian, was named as his heir. He replaced the Roman republic with an effective monarchy and during his long reign brought peace and stability.Īugustus was born Gaius Octavius on 23 September 63 BC in Rome. Born in 63 BCE as Gaius Octavius, the young man fell under the wing of Julius Caesar, who later named Octavius as his adopted heir. High-quality museum quality from Austrian. © Augustus was the first emperor of Rome. Augustus Caesar - Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus 63 BC-14 AD, first Roman Emperor by Unbekannt as fine art print.
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